The Dutch Golden Age was a period in the history of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the era from 1588 (the birth of the Dutch Republic) to 1672 (the Rampjaar, “Disaster Year”), in which Dutch trade, science, and art and the Dutch military were among the most acclaimed in the world. The first section is characterized by the Eighty Years’ War, which ended in 1648. The Golden Age continued in peacetime during the Dutch Republic until the end of the century, when costly conflicts, including the Franco-Dutch War and War of the Spanish Succession fuelled economic decline.

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Avoided burden1 Most existing LCA databases today do not include multi-functional processes. including ecoinvent MF is ‘solved’ by database developers by delivering only mono-functional datasets. Mostly, practitioners cannot change this methodological decision anymore and often don’t realize that they are handling (‘accepting’) more MF issues than they realize. Consequently, most software doesn’t include ways to address MF. While it is known as one of the most determining factors of LCA results.

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Principles for life cycle inventories of land use on a global scale Thomas Koellner, Laura de Baan, Tabea Beck, Miguel Brandão, Barbara Civit, Mark Goedkoop, Manuele Margni, Llorenç Milà i Canals, Ruedi Müller-Wenk, Bo Weidema & Bastian Wittstock The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment volume 18, pages1203–1215 (2013) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11367-012-0392-0 Land use elementary flows In LCA, land occupation and land transformation can be distinguished as basic types of land use elementary flows (Milà i Canals et al.

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https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032108001354 Land use and electricity generation: A life-cycle analysis Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Volume 13, Issues 6–7, August–September 2009, Pages 1465-1474 Vasilis Fthenakis¹, Hyung Chul Kim² ¹ National Photovoltaic Environmental Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg 475B, Upton, NY 11973, United States ² Center for Life Cycle Analysis, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States Abstract Renewable-energy sources often are regarded as dispersed and difficult to collect, thus requiring substantial land resources in comparison to conventional energy sources.

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https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11367-021-01955-5.pdf Almost every overview of LCA gives a graphical indication of the idea of a life cycle. Such diagrams consist of a linear sequence or network of blocks, connected with arrows, representing the major life stages of a product life cycle. Examples from recent textbooks on LCA can be found in Klöpffer and Grahl (2014, p. 2), Jolliet et al. (2016, p. 36), and Hauschild et al. (2018, p. 120). All such flow diagrams agree on the basic setup of a chronological order: resource becomes products, products are used, and it all ends with disposal of waste.

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The rise in the popularity of solar power energy comes with the expansion of the technologies associated with it. After all, once people realized that the sun can be used to generate electricity, they would understandably find ways on how to do it. And so far, there are two technologies that are used nowadays to generate solar power. These are Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Photovoltaic (PV). But what is the difference between these two?

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